Practical research guide · Updated October 4, 2026
Tax Results Explained: Proposed, Modeled, Filed, and Paid
Tax results are easier to evaluate when their status is stated precisely. A proposed strategy, modeled tax effect, filed return, and refund received each answer a different question about what has actually happened.
Proposed means further work is needed
A recommendation identifies a possible treatment and the conditions to investigate. It does not establish that the taxpayer qualifies, that implementation is complete, or that the relevant return can be corrected using the suggested route.
Modeled means assumptions matter
A calculation uses a specific income forecast, filing status, deductions, and other inputs. Show the assumptions and the comparison baseline. Changes in income or loss utilization can change the result even when the underlying strategy remains valid.
Filed means reporting was submitted
Retain the final return and supporting schedules. Filing does not establish that a refund has arrived or that the treatment has been examined and accepted. Maintain records for future questions and any notices.
Paid means cash was received
Match a received refund to the return and account records. Separate interest, offsets, and adjustments where relevant. Keep ongoing basis, depreciation, and carryforward schedules so a one-year result does not obscure next-year obligations.
Action checklist
- Label the result stage
- State the comparison baseline
- Retain final schedules
- Reconcile refund receipts
- Maintain future-year tracking
Should a projected refund be described as received savings?
No. State the stage accurately and distinguish a projection from a filed claim and actual cash received.
Source material
- IRS: s corporation stock and debt basis
- IRS: tips on rental real estate income deductions and recordkeeping
General education. Apply the rules for the relevant tax year and review the facts with a qualified tax professional.